If a patient has an order to keep a vein open, or “TKVO,” the usual rate of infusion is 20 to 50 ml per hour (Fraser Health Authority, 2014). Practice guidelines recommend that patients receiving IV therapy for more than six days should be assessed for an intermediate or long-term device (CDC, 2011). Understand the indications and duration for IV therapy for each patient. Aseptic technique must be maintained throughout all IV therapy procedures, including initiation of IV therapy, preparing and maintaining equipment, and discontinuing an IV system. Always perform hand hygiene before handling all IV equipment. If an administration set or solution becomes contaminated with a non-sterile surface, it should be replaced with a new one to prevent introducing bacteria or other contaminants into the system (Centers for Disease Control, 2011). IV therapy is an invasive procedure, and therefore significant complications can occur if the wrong amount of IV fluids or the incorrect medication is given. IV therapy may be for short or long duration, depending on the needs of the patient (Perry et al, 2014). The order must include the type of solution or medication, rate of infusion, duration, date, and time. IV fluid therapy is ordered by a physician or nurse practitioner. The following are general guidelines for peripheral IV therapy: Guidelines Related to Intravenous Therapy To deliver nutrients and nutritional supplements: IV therapy can deliver some or all of the nutritional requirements for patients unable to obtain adequate amounts orally or by other routes. The infusion restores circulating volumes, improving the ability to carry oxygen and replace blood components that are deficient in the body. To administer blood or blood products: The donated blood from another individual can be used in surgery, to treat medical conditions such as shock or trauma, or to treat a failure in the production of red blood cells. To administer medications, including chemotherapy, anesthetics, and diagnostic reagants: About 40% of all antibiotics are given intravenously. If a patient is ill and has fluid loss related to decreased intake, surgery, vomiting, diarrhea, or diaphoresis, the patient may require IV therapy. To replace fluids and electrolytes and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance: The body’s fluid balance is regulated through hormones and is affected by fluid volumes, distribution of fluids in the body, and the concentration of solutes in the fluid. 
The most common reasons for IV therapy (Waitt, Waitt, & Pirmohamed, 2004) include: Approximately 80% of all patients in the hospital setting will receive intravenous therapy.
Intravenous therapy is an effective and fast-acting way to administer fluid or medication treatment in an emergency situation, and for patients who are unable to take medications orally.
Intravenous therapy is treatment that infuses intravenous solutions, medications, blood, or blood products directly into a vein (Perry, Potter, & Ostendorf, 2014). Parenteral Medication Administrationħ.2 Parenteral Medications and Preparing Medications from Ampules and Vialsħ.3 Intradermal and Subcutaneous Injectionsħ.5 Intravenous Medications by Direct IV Routeħ.6 Administering Intermittent Intravenous Medication (Secondary Medication) and Continuous IV Infusionsħ.7 Complications Related to Parenteral Medications and Management of ComplicationsĨ.3 IV Fluids, IV Tubing, and Assessment of an IV SystemĨ.4 Priming IV Tubing and Changing IV Fluids and TubingĨ.5 Flushing a Saline Lock and Converting a Saline Lock to a Continuous IV InfusionĨ.6 Converting an IV Infusion to a Saline Lock and Removal of a Peripheral IVĨ.7 Transfusion of Blood and Blood Productsġ0.2 Caring for Patients with Tubes and AttachmentsĬlinical Procedures for Safer Patient Care Non-Parenteral Medication AdministrationĦ.3 Administering Medications by Mouth and Gastric TubeĦ.4 Administering Medications Rectally and VaginallyĦ.5 Instilling Eye, Ear, and Nose MedicationsĬhapter 7. Safe Patient Handling, Positioning, and Transfersģ.6 Assisting a Patient to a Sitting Position and AmbulationĤ.6 Moist to Dry Dressing, and Wound Irrigation and PackingĬhapter 6. 1.2 Infection Prevention and Control Practicesġ.4 Additional Precautions and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)ġ.5 Surgical Asepsis and the Principles of Sterile Techniqueġ.7 Sterile Procedures and Sterile AttireĬhapter 3.
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